Sažetak

Sigmund Freud smatra se jednim od ranih seksologa, uz Magnusa Hirschfelda i Havelocka Ellisa. Njegova stajališta o homoseksualnosti (koja nije bolest, niti se terapijskim metodama može liječiti) bliski su suvremenim stajalištima o tom pitanju. Za razliku od aktivnog teorijskog bavljenja pitanjima seksualnosti u ranim radovima psihodinamičkih psihoterapeuta, kasniji su autori zanemarili područje seksualnih poremećaja i rodne disforije. Grupna analiza potpuno je izostala. Spol je biološka odrednica koja označuje tijelo i obično se doživljava kao binarni koncept muškog i ženskog (premda postoje i međuspolna, nebinarna stanja). Unatoč teorijskom prihvaćanju temeljne čovjekove biseksualnosti, ne postoji nijedan rad koji se bavi psihodinamičkim pitanjima međuspolnih stanja. Rodni identitet naš je doživljaj sebe, naš reprezentant selfa u odnosu na muževnost/ženstvenost, tj. muškost/ženskost. Rodna uloga predstavlja socijalne stereotipe ponašanja, odijevanja i tipičnog reagiranja muškaraca i žena u konkretnom društvu u danom trenutku. Osim transrodnih osoba, u kojih rodni identitet nije ujednačen sa spolom, postoje i brojne nebinarne osobe koje svoj rodni identitet ne doživljavaju u dihotomiji muško-žensko, nego u različitim oblicima androginog ili rodno neutralnog doživljaja sebe (reprezentatna selfa). Cilj dinamičke psihoterapije, uključujući i grupnu analizu, trebao bi biti mogućnost za propitivanje i istraživanje vlastitih identiteta, doživljaja, iskustava i osjećaja u uvjetima sigurne sredine. Moguće je da se u takvim uvjetima osoba susretne sa svojim pravim selfom, koji može biti i neheteroseksualan i nebinaran. / Sigmund Freud is considered to be one of the early sexologists, together with Magnus Hirschfeld and Havelock Ellis. His views on homosexuality (that it is not a disease and cannot be altered by therapeutical methods) are close to contemporary attitudes towards this issue. Contrary to some very active theoretical considerations of sexuality of early psychodynamic psychotherapists, the issues of sexual dysfunctions and gender dysphoria have been neglected in the last few decades. Group analysis has been particularly silent about the topic. Sex is a biological determinant that denotes body and is usually considered through a binary concept of masculinity or femininity (although non-binary, intersex conditions do exist).Despite the theoretical acceptance of the basic human bisexuality, a single article has not been published about the psychodynamic aspects of intersex conditions. Gender identity is the internal perception of one’s gender, our self-representation, in terms of masculinity/femininity or maleness/femaleness. Gender role is a social stereotype of behaviours, dressing and expected reactions of men and women in a specific society, at a specific time. Apart from transgender people, whose gender identity is incongruent with their sex, there is a myriad of non-binary people who do not perceive their gender identity as a male-female dichotomy, but in different forms of androgynous or gender-neutral perceptions of themselves (self-representations). The aim of dynamic psychotherapy, including group analysis, should be the creation of a space where a person’s identity, experience, thoughts and feelings can be questioned and explored in a secure setting. In such circumstances, there is a possibility to meet one’s own self, which can be expressed as non-heterosexual and non-binary, in addition to expected heterosexual and binary norms